This study evaluated the efficiency of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane bioreactor in treating wastewater. The performance of the bioreactor was assessed based on various parameters, including efficiency of organic matter, nutrient removal, and membrane fouling. The results demonstrated that the PVDF hollow fiber membrane bio

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) system represents a significant advancement in wastewater PVDF MBR treatment. These systems combine conventional activated sludge processes with membrane separation, resulting in exceptional water purification. Recent advances in MBR technology focus on enhancing efficiency, reducing energy usage, and reducing fouling. App